Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study
The Lancet 1 November 2021 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01595-6

• Analysis of data compiled by the National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (women with a singleton birth between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2017) indicate that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities were responsible for a substantial proportion of stillbirths, preterm births, and births with fetal growth restriction in England. The largest inequalities were seen in Black and South Asian women in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study.
Lancet 1 November 2021

• This research quantifies the magnitude of socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities for adverse pregnancy outcomes at the population level in England. Using data from the National Maternity and Perinatal Audit. Results indicate that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities were responsible for a substantial proportion of stillbirths, preterm births, and births with FGR in England. The largest inequalities were seen in Black and South Asian women in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile

COVID-19 admission risk tools should include multiethnic age structures, multimorbidity and deprivation metrics for air pollution, household overcrowding, housing quality and adult skills

COVID-19 admission risk tools should include multiethnic age structures, multimorbidity and deprivation metrics for air pollution, household overcrowding, housing quality and adult skills
BMJ Open Respiratory Research 2021;8:e000951. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000951

• Ethnic minorities exhibit higher multimorbidity despite younger age structures and disproportionate exposure to unscored risk factors including obesity and deprivation. Household overcrowding, air pollution, housing quality and adult skills deprivation are associated with multilobar pneumonia on presentation and ICU admission which are mortality risk factors. Risk tools need to reflect risks predominantly affecting ethnic minorities.

Ethnic health inequalities and the NHS

Ethnic health inequalities and the NHS
NHS Health and Race Observatory 15 June 2021

• This report argues that the NHS has not made significant progress in reducing ethnic health inequalities in recent years because it has not acted on this issue as a clear priority. There has also been a lack of progress made in ensuring equality of experience and opportunity for the NHS workforce. It goes on to argue that there is now an opportunity to address this by taking urgent action to address critical gaps in the NHS’s capabilities to tackle ethnic health inequalities, and by building a broad health inequalities focus into new healthcare structures as a key priority, while supporting NHS staff to drive change.

CVDPREVENT - primary care audit

CVDPREVENT
NHS England

• CVDPREVENT is a regular national primary care audit making it easier for practices to systematically identify people whose treatment could be improved, and risk reduced. It will automatically extract routinely held GP data covering diagnosis and management of six high risk conditions that cause stroke, heart attack and dementia: atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and chronic kidney disease. It will support primary care in understanding how many patients with the high-risk conditions are potentially undiagnosed, under treated or over treated. 
• Find out more  on the NHS Benchmarking platform including a quick guide and key dates

Health inequalities evidence hub

Evidence hub: What drives health inequalities?
Health Foundation

• A searchable collection of resources including data, insights and analysis exploring how the circumstances in which we live shape our health.

COVID-19 Health Inequalities Monitoring in England Tool (CHIME)

COVID-19 Health Inequalities Monitoring in England Tool (CHIME)
PHE 20 May 2021

• The CHIME tool brings together data relating to the direct impacts of COVID-19, such as on mortality rates and hospital admissions and presents it by age, sex, ethnic group, level of deprivation and region.

Child Mortality and Social Deprivation

Child Mortality and Social Deprivation Thematic Report
HQIP 13 May 2021

• The aim of this work was to identify, and quantify, any association between measures of deprivation and childhood mortality in the data reported to the National Child Mortality Database (NCMD) over the 2019/20 year. 
• There was a clear association between the risk of death and the level of deprivation for children who died in England between April 2019 and March 2020. This association appeared to exist for all categories of death except malignancy.

Socio-economic inequalities in access to planned hospital care: causes and consequences

Socio-economic inequalities in access to planned hospital care: causes and consequences
The Strategy Unit 13 May 2021

• This report explores socio-economic inequalities in access to planned hospital care in terms of socio-economic inequalities in access, where in the patient pathways these inequalities in access emerge, potential drivers of these inequalities and whether poor access to planned care in some communities leads to increased demand for unplanned care.

National Centre for Creative Health

National Centre for Creative Health

• The National Centre for Creative Health  (NCCH) will advance good practice and research, inform policy and promote collaboration, helping foster the conditions for creative health to be integral to health and social care and wider systems.
• It was formed in response to the Creative Health report, the result of a two-year inquiry led by the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Arts, Health and Wellbeing. 
• NCCH priorities are: health inequalities; advancing good practice and research; informing policy; and promoting collaboration. NCCH are working with to create place-based ‘Hubs’, develop partnership and collaboration ‘Hives’ and co-produce creative learning in ‘Huddles’. 
• Evaluation of activities will be based on the NCCH Theory of Change.

The Data Divide

The Data Divide
Ada Lovelace Institute 25 March 2021

• Public attitudes to tackling social and health inequalities in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
• Findings of a telephone-based, nationally representative survey of 2,023 UK British adults, to explore public attitudes towards a range of technologies deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic for health outcomes, including mental and physical-health apps, symptom-tracking apps, digital contact-tracing apps and vaccine passports.

The future of UK clinical research delivery [Guidance]

The future of UK clinical research delivery
DHSC 23 March 2021

• A UK vision to unleash the full potential of clinical research delivery to tackle health inequalities, bolster economic recovery and to improve the lives of people across the UK. The 5 key themes underpinning the vision are:
• clinical research embedded in the NHS
• patient-centred research
• streamlined, efficient and innovative research
• research enabled by data and digital tools
• a sustainable and supported research workforce

Health Matters - major public health issues

Health Matters
PHE

• A collection of resources covering facts, resources and information on major public health issues for public health professionals, local authorities and CCG commissioners.
• Includes Guidance which describes barriers to care and information on health inequalities.

Includes:

  
Health matters: preventing cardiovascular disease

PHE 14 February 2021
A professional resource developed by the Cardiovascular Disease Prevention System Leadership Forum (CVDPSLF) that sets to improve the detection and management of atrial fibrillation (AF), high blood pressure and raised cholesterol, and reduce the health inequalities associated with CVD, over the next 10 years. Read the blog, and see the statistics for each STP on PHE Fingertips.
Includes very brief information on health inequalities.

Health matters: reducing health inequalities in mental illness

PHE 18 December 2018

This edition of Health matters brings together in one place the most informative data and the best evidence of what works in removing health inequalities experienced by people living with mental illness.

Health matters: community-centred health and wellbeing approaches

PHE 28 February 2018
Involving and empowering local communities, and particularly disadvantaged groups, is central to local and national strategies in England for both promoting health and wellbeing and reducing health inequalities. This edition of Health matters highlights some of the successful interventions that have been implemented across England.

Health matters: increasing the uptake of HIV testing
PHE 1 December 2016
This professional resource outlines how providers and commissioners can normalise HIV testing and reduce barriers to uptake.

RCGP Health Inequalities Hub - COVID-19

Health Inequalities Hub
RCGP elearning updated 8 March 2021

• Information about health equity and caring for socially vulnerable patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Includes an interview with Sir Michael Marmot, COVID-19 Q&A, COVID-19 vaccine uptake and resources relating to health and equity for socially vulnerable people during the pandemic. Includes a series of evidence reviews to support vaccine update across a range of vulnerable groups including BAME, migrants, remote communities, disabled, prisoners and carers.

Healthcare for the armed forces community: a forward view

Healthcare for the armed forces community: a forward view
NHS England 4 March 2021

• This guidance is a companion document to the NHS long-term plan, outlining the commitments NHS England and NHS Improvement is making to improve the health and wellbeing of the armed forces community, serving personnel (regulars and reservists), veterans and their families.
• Commitment 7 Identifying and addressing inequalities in access to healthcare

What does the pandemic mean for health and health inequalities? [infographic]

What does the pandemic mean for health and health inequalities?
Health Foundation 18 February 2021

• An infographic which highlights areas of focus for the COVID-19 impact inquiry and some of the questions that it seeks to answer.

The health of people from ethnic minority groups in England

The health of people from ethnic minority groups in England
Kings Fund updated 17 September 2021

• This explainer examines the differences in health outcomes for ethnic minority groups, highlighting the variation across groups and conditions, and considers what’s needed to reduce health inequalities. It describes ethnic differences in overall health; maternal and infant mortality, and child health; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; cancer; Covid-19 and determinants of health.

The AI Ethics Initiative

The AI Ethics Initiative
NHS X February 2021

• The aim of the AI Ethics Initiative (part of the NHS X AI Lab) is to ensure that AI products used in the NHS and care settings will not exacerbate health inequalities.

Ethnic inequalities in health-related quality of life among older adults in England

Ethnic inequalities in health-related quality of life among older adults in England: secondary analysis of a national cross-sectional survey
The Lancet Public Health 28 January 2021 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30287-5

• This study of data from five waves (July 1, 2014, to April 7, 2017) of the nationally representative English General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) found evidence of wide ethnic inequalities in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and five determinants of health for older adults in England.
• Ethnic inequalities in HRQoL were accompanied by increased prevalence of long-term conditions or multimorbidity, poor experiences of primary care, insufficient support from local services, low patient self-confidence in managing their own health, and high area-level social deprivation, compared with the White British group.

Digital technology and Health Inequalities: a scoping review

Digital technology and Health Inequalities: a scoping review
Public Health Wales and King’s Fund 3 December 2020

• This report examines how a lack of access, skills and motivation for using digital technologies could contribute to inequalities in health and other outcomes, and explores approaches to reduce widening differences between groups.