Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study.
Lancet 1 November 2021

• This research quantifies the magnitude of socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities for adverse pregnancy outcomes at the population level in England. Using data from the National Maternity and Perinatal Audit. Results indicate that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities were responsible for a substantial proportion of stillbirths, preterm births, and births with FGR in England. The largest inequalities were seen in Black and South Asian women in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile

The ‘double whammy’ of low prevalence in clinical risk prediction

The ‘double whammy’ of low prevalence in clinical risk prediction
BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine Published Online First: 13 August 2021. doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111683 [NHS OpenAthens registration required]

• This article describes two principal reasons why the nature of developing clinical prediction rules in low prevalence scenarios will almost invariably result in concerns about performance, on standards by which this is usually judged. The authors focus primarily on suicide prediction, but these points apply more generally to other low prevalence clinical areas, some examples of which are also discussed.

Health and health-related behaviours of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual adults

Health Survey England Additional Analyses - Health and health-related behaviours of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual adults
NHS Digital 6 July 2021

• This report presents findings on the health and health-related behaviours of the Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) population in England. These are analysed by age, sex and ethnicity. The data are based on a representative sample of adults, aged 16 and over, who participated in the Health Survey for England from 2011–2018. 2% of adults surveyed in 2011-2018 identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB).

CVDPREVENT - primary care audit

CVDPREVENT
NHS England

• CVDPREVENT is a regular national primary care audit making it easier for practices to systematically identify people whose treatment could be improved, and risk reduced. It will automatically extract routinely held GP data covering diagnosis and management of six high risk conditions that cause stroke, heart attack and dementia: atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and chronic kidney disease. It will support primary care in understanding how many patients with the high-risk conditions are potentially undiagnosed, under treated or over treated. 
• Find out more  on the NHS Benchmarking platform including a quick guide and key dates

Socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality - data from ONS

Socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality in England: 2019

ONS 11 March 2021

• Avoidable mortality in England, using measures of multiple deprivation to measure socioeconomic inequalities, includes avoidable mortality by cause.

Socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality, England and Wales: 2001 to 2018
ONS 10 July 2020

• "Avoidable deaths accounted for nearly two-fifths (39.4%) of all male deaths in the most deprived areas of England compared with less than one-fifth (17.7%) in the least deprived areas in 2018; for females it was 26.2% and 12.2% respectively.
• While avoidable mortality rates are sizeably lower than they were in 2001 across all levels of area deprivation, since 2013 the speed of improvement has reduced substantially particularly in the most deprived areas."

Proactive care frameworks (UCLP) for long term conditions

Proactive care frameworks
University College London Partners (UCLP) 15 February 2021

• UCLP have developed a series of proactive care frameworks to support primary care teams to manage patients with cardiovascular and respiratory long-term conditions. It includes search and risk stratification tools, pathways for local adaptation, workforce education and training and digital resources.
• Press release: Post-COVID recovery: proactive care, self care and CVD prevention | UCLPartners

Health and Care of People with Learning Disabilities, Experimental Statistics

Health and Care of People with Learning Disabilities, Experimental Statistics
NHS Digital

• The aim of the publication is to inform users about the key differences in healthcare between those individuals with a learning disability and those without. It contains aggregated data on key health issues for people who are recorded by their GP as having a learning disability.

Ethnic inequalities in health-related quality of life among older adults in England

Ethnic inequalities in health-related quality of life among older adults in England: secondary analysis of a national cross-sectional survey
The Lancet Public Health 28 January 2021 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30287-5

• This study of data from five waves (July 1, 2014, to April 7, 2017) of the nationally representative English General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) found evidence of wide ethnic inequalities in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and five determinants of health for older adults in England.
• Ethnic inequalities in HRQoL were accompanied by increased prevalence of long-term conditions or multimorbidity, poor experiences of primary care, insufficient support from local services, low patient self-confidence in managing their own health, and high area-level social deprivation, compared with the White British group.

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality: A consequence of persistent racism

Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality: A consequence of persistent racism
Runnymede Trust January 2021

• Analysis of the ethnic inequalities in COVID-19-related deaths and how to mitigate them.

Ageing: Science, Technology and Healthy Living

Ageing: Science, Technology and Healthy Living
House of Lords Science and Technology Committee 15 January 2021

• This report finds that while life expectancy in the UK has continued to increase year on year, healthy life expectancy – the time an individual can expect to live in good health – has not kept pace. It identifies approaches from science and technology that could help to increase healthy life expectancy, and assesses the role of public health interventions and national regulations in helping people to age more healthily.  
• Includes a range of data tables.

Understanding how discrimination can affect health

Understanding how discrimination can affect health.
Health Serv Res. 2019 Dec;54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):1374-1388. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13222.

• A review of research linking self‐reports of racial discrimination to health status and health service utilization.

Risk of complicated birth at term in nulliparous and multiparous women using routinely collected maternity data in England: cohort study

Risk of complicated birth at term in nulliparous and multiparous women using routinely collected maternity data in England: cohort study
BMJ 2020; 371:m3377 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3377 (Published 01 October 2020)

• AIM: To determine the rate of complicated birth at term in women classified at low risk according to the NICE guideline for intrapartum care (no pre-existing medical conditions, important obstetric history, or complications during pregnancy) and to assess if the risk classification can be improved by considering parity and the number of risk factors.

Cancer in the UK 2020: Socio-economic deprivation

Cancer in the UK 2020: Socio-economic deprivation
Cancer Research UK September 2020

• This report examines the link between socio-economic deprivation and cancer. 
• “People from more deprived areas are not only more likely to get cancer, they’re more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage for certain cancer types, and have trouble accessing cancer services.“
• Full report here.

Level or not? Comparing general practice in areas of high and low socioeconomic deprivation in England

Level or not? Comparing general practice in areas of high and low socioeconomic deprivation in England
Health Foundation September 2020 https://doi.org/10.37829/HF-2020-RC13

• This briefing seeks to explore the extent to which the inverse care law, as defined by the British GP Julian Tudor Hart, still applies to general practice in England nearly 50 years on from its first description.

Sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of incident hospital admissions

Sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of incident hospital admissions with multimorbidity in a general population, 1999–2019: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort

BMJ Open 2020;10:e042115. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042115

• The EPIC-Norfolk studied incident hospital admissions with multimorbidity in 25 014 men and women aged 40–79 in a British prospective population-based study recruited in 1993–1997 and followed up until 2019. Analysis indicates that age, male sex and potentially modifiable lifestyle behaviours including smoking, body mass index, physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake were associated with increased risk of future incident hospital admissions with multimorbidity.

Online tool predicts risks for sepsis survivors

Development, Validation, and Clinical Utility Assessment of a Prognostic Score for 1-Year Unplanned Rehospitalization or Death of Adult Sepsis Survivors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2013580. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13580

• A new online tool has been developed to predict the risk of adult survivors of sepsis being readmitted to hospital or dying in the first year after leaving hospital. The tool was developed using data from 94,748 patients. The team determined eight factors which affected risk for sepsis survivors and developed a statistical model that could give an overall risk score for rehospitalisation or death in the first year after leaving hospital.
• The tool can be found at https://sepsis-ssip-score.org.uk

Sex differences in prevalence, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in England

Sex differences in prevalence, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in England
Heart (04 September 2020). doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317446

• Data from the Health Survey for England 2012–2017 on non-institutionalised English adults (aged ≥16 years) were used to investigate sex differences in prevalence, treatment and control of major cardiovascular risk factors: body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol and dyslipidaemia. Physical activity and diet were not assessed in this study.

Quality and Outcomes Framework, 2019-20

Quality and Outcomes Framework, 2019-20
NHS Digital 20 August 2020

• The recorded prevalence of 21 conditions, including asthma, hypertension, dementia, diabetes, and depression as recorded by GPs in QOF for the reporting year 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020.

Association of Type 2 Diabetes With Cancer: A Meta-analysis

Association of Type 2 Diabetes With Cancer: A Meta-analysis With Bias Analysis for Unmeasured Confounding in 151 Cohorts Comprising 32 Million People
Diabetes Care 2020 Sep; 43(9): 2313-2322.https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0204

• A total of 151 cohorts (over 32 million people, 1.1 million cancer cases, and 150,000 cancer deaths) were identified. In meta-analyses, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was associated with incidence of several cancers, from prostate (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.79, 0.88) to liver (2.23; 1.99, 2.49), and with mortality from pancreatic cancer (1.67; 1.30, 2.14). In bias analyses, assuming an unmeasured confounding associated with both T2D and cancer with a RR of 1.5, the proportion of studies with a true effect size larger than a RR of 1.1 (i.e., 10% increased risk in individuals with T2D) was nearly 100% for liver, pancreatic, and endometrial, 86% for gallbladder, 67% for kidney, 64% for colon, 62% for colorectal, and <50% for other cancer incidences, and 92% for pancreatic cancer mortality.

Height by deprivation decile in children aged 10 to 11

Height by deprivation decile in children aged 10 to 11
PHE 4 August 2020

• Ad-hoc analysis of child (aged 10 to 11 years) height by deprivation and ethnic group, calculated from the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).