Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study
The Lancet 1 November 2021 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01595-6

• Analysis of data compiled by the National Maternity and Perinatal Audit (women with a singleton birth between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2017) indicate that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities were responsible for a substantial proportion of stillbirths, preterm births, and births with fetal growth restriction in England. The largest inequalities were seen in Black and South Asian women in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study

Adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in England: a national cohort study.
Lancet 1 November 2021

• This research quantifies the magnitude of socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities for adverse pregnancy outcomes at the population level in England. Using data from the National Maternity and Perinatal Audit. Results indicate that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities were responsible for a substantial proportion of stillbirths, preterm births, and births with FGR in England. The largest inequalities were seen in Black and South Asian women in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile

Ethnicity coding in English health service datasets

Ethnicity coding in English health service datasets
Nuffield Trust 7 June 2021

• This report looks at the quality and consistency of ethnicity coding within health datasets. The analysis of the quality of ethnicity coding in hospital datasets found data quality problems including:
• incomplete coding and inconsistent use of codes
• an excessive and growing proportion of patients have ethnicity recorded as “not known”, “not stated” or “other” which impedes reliable analyses of ethnic differences, and
• systematic biases in data quality - for example, data quality is worse in London, in adults of working age, and for patients with short hospital stays.
• The report calls on NHS England to provide new guidance for health service providers and GPs.

Ethnicity and the tumour characteristics of invasive breast cancer

Ethnicity and the tumour characteristics of invasive breast cancer in over 116,500 women in England.
Br J Cancer (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01409-7

• Analysis of data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service on women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during 2013–2018 found that ethnic minority women are at greater risk of breast cancers with less favourable characteristics, even after allowing for age and other potential confounders. These differences are greater in older than younger women, and in the Black rather than South Asian ethnic groups.

Ethnicity and BMI cutoff for diabetes type 2

Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: a population-based cohort study
The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology May 11, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00088-7

• Analysis of data from electronic health records across primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked to secondary care records (Hospital Episodes Statistics) from a network of general practitioner practices in England shows that Black Caribbean, south Asian, Chinese, and Arab populations living in England had an equivalent risk of type 2 diabetes at substantially lower BMI values than the current BMI cutoffs for obesity.

Unemployment by ethnic background

Unemployment by ethnic background
House of Commons Research Briefing, 04 March, 2021

• A summary of trends in unemployment rates and looks at how rates vary by ethnicity, age and gender across the UK.

The health of people from ethnic minority groups in England

The health of people from ethnic minority groups in England
Kings Fund updated 17 September 2021

• This explainer examines the differences in health outcomes for ethnic minority groups, highlighting the variation across groups and conditions, and considers what’s needed to reduce health inequalities. It describes ethnic differences in overall health; maternal and infant mortality, and child health; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; cancer; Covid-19 and determinants of health.

Ethnicity, race and inequality in the UK

Ethnicity, Race and Inequality in the UK
Policy Press 2020

• A free to download commentary by some of the UK’s foremost scholars of race and ethnicity on data relating to a wide range of sectors of society, including employment, health, education, criminal justice, housing and representation in the arts and media. 
• Chapter 4 Health inequalities by Karen Chouhan and JamesNazroo p73-92

Caring alone: Why Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic young carers continue to struggle to access support

Caring alone: Why Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic young carers continue to struggle to access support
Barnardo's 25 April 2019

• Research has found that BAME young carers are more likely than other young carers to be isolated from support services.